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Apoptosom
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Ein Apoptosom (Kofferwort aus altgriechisch αΌΟΟΟΟΟΟΞΉΟ apΓ³ptosis, deutsch βNiedergangβ und ΟαΏΆΞΌΞ± sΕma, deutsch βKΓΆrperβ) ist ein Proteinkomplex, der wΓ€hrend des programmierten Zelltods (Apoptose) gebildet wird und der Bindung und Aktivierung der Pro-Caspase 9 dient.
Contents
β’ Eigenschaften
β’ Geschichte
β’ Literatur
β’ Einzelnachweise
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Eigenschaften
Im Zuge des mitochondrialen Signalwegs der Apoptose wird beim Menschen Cytochrom c aus dem Mitochondrium ins Zytosol freigesetzt.cite-ref-1[1] Dort bindet es zur Einleitung der Bildung des Apoptosoms an Apaf-1 (englisch apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 βapoptotischer Protease-aktivierender Faktor 1β), welches auch Adenosintriphosphat (ATP) bindet.cite-ref-2[2] Nach der Bindung lagern sich sechs weitere Apaf-1-MolekΓΌle unter ATP-Verbrauch zu einer Scheibe. Daraufhin binden die CARD-ProteindomΓ€nen (englisch caspase recognition domain βCaspase-ErkennungsdomΓ€neβ) der Pro-Caspase 9 und des Apaf-1 aneinander und die gebundenen Procaspase-9-MolekΓΌle werden zu Caspase-9-MolekΓΌlen nach der AminosΓ€ure Asp-315 autoproteolysiert ebenso wie allosterisch durch Bindung des Apoptosoms aktiviert.cite-ref-3[3]cite-ref-4[4] Die aktivierte Caspase 9 proteolysiert die Pro-Caspase 3 und Pro-Caspase 7 in ihre aktiven Formen.
Geschichte
Literatur
β’ S. Yuan, C. W. Akey: Apoptosome structure, assembly, and procaspase activation. In: Structure (London, England: 1993). Band 21, Nummer 4, April 2013, S. 501β515, doi:10.1016/j.str.2013.02.024, PMID 23561633, PMC 3644875 (freier Volltext).
β’ S. Yuan, X. Yu, M. Topf, S. J. Ludtke, X. Wang, C. W. Akey: Structure of an apoptosome-procaspase-9 CARD complex. In: Structure (London, England: 1993). Band 18, Nummer 5, Mai 2010, S. 571β583, doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.04.001, PMID 20462491, PMC 2874686 (freier Volltext).
Einzelnachweise
cite-note-11. β H. H. Park: Structural features of caspase-activating complexes. In: International journal of molecular sciences. Band 13, Nummer 4, 2012, S. 4807β4818, doi:10.3390/ijms13044807, PMID 22606010, PMC 3344246 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-22. β T. F. Reubold, S. Eschenburg: A molecular view on signal transduction by the apoptosome. In: Cellular signalling. Band 24, Nummer 7, Juli 2012, S. 1420β1425, doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.03.007, PMID 22446004.
cite-note-33. β Q. Hu, D. Wu, W. Chen, Z. Yan, Y. Shi: Proteolytic processing of the caspase-9 zymogen is required for apoptosome-mediated activation of caspase-9. In: The Journal of biological chemistry. Band 288, Nummer 21, Mai 2013, S. 15142β15147, doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.441568, PMID 23572523, PMC 3663534 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-44. β S. B. Bratton, G. S. Salvesen: Regulation of the Apaf-1-caspase-9 apoptosome. In: Journal of cell science. Band 123, Pt 19, Oktober 2010, S. 3209β3214, doi:10.1242/jcs.073643, PMID 20844150, PMC 2939798 (freier Volltext).
cite-note-55. β Y. Tsujimoto: Role of Bcl-2 family proteins in apoptosis: apoptosomes or mitochondria? In: Genes to cells: devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms. Band 3, Nummer 11, November 1998, S. 697β707, PMID 9990505.
cite-note-66. β H. Zou, Y. Li, X. Liu, X. Wang: An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9. In: The Journal of biological chemistry. Band 274, Nummer 17, April 1999, S. 11549β11556, PMID 10206961.